New France Canada 1534 1763

this is how in general on a major scale, french ancestry & blood lines became mixed with the population or inhabitants from all sorts of other countries ancestors as well who were already their.Today we have they have links to many other countries and also the original aborigines of Canada

source:New France 1534–1763
Main article: New France
French interest in the New World began with Francis I of France, who in 1524 sponsored Giovanni da Verrazzano to navigate the region between Florida and Newfoundland in hopes of finding a route to the Pacific Ocean.[51] In 1534, Jacques Cartier planted a cross in the Gaspé Peninsula and claimed the land in the name of Francis I.[52] Initial French attempts at settling the region met with failure. French fishing fleets continue to sail to the Atlantic coast and into the Saint Lawrence River, trading and making alliances with First Nations.[52] In 1600, a trading post was established at Tadoussac by François Gravé Du Pont, a merchant, and Pierre de Chauvin de Tonnetuit‎, a captain of the French Royal Navy.[53] However, only five of the sixteen settlers (all male) survived the first winter and returned to France.[53]

In 1604, a North American fur trade monopoly was granted to Pierre Dugua Sieur de Monts.[54] Dugua led his first colonization expedition to an island located near to the mouth of the St. Croix River. Among his lieutenants was a geographer named Samuel de Champlain, who promptly carried out a major exploration of the northeastern coastline of what is now the United States.[54] In the spring of 1605, under Samuel de Champlain, the new St. Croix settlement was moved to Port Royal (today's Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia) then abandoned in 1607.[50][53]

Champlain then founded what is now Quebec City in 1608. It would become the first permanent settlement and the capital of New France. Champlain took personal administration over the city and its affairs and sent out expeditions to explore the interior land. Champlain himself discovered Lake Champlain in 1609. By 1615, he had travelled by canoe up the Ottawa River through Lake Nipissing and Georgian Bay to the center of Huron country near Lake Simcoe.[55] During these voyages, Champlain aided the Wendat (aka 'Hurons') in their battles against the Iroquois Confederacy.[56] As a result, the Iroquois would become enemies of the French and be involved in multiple conflicts (known as the French and Iroquois Wars) until the signing of the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701.[57]
Map of New France 1612
Map of New France by Samuel de Champlain
"Carte geographique de la Nouvelle France" c. 1612/13 .

On the 29 of September 1621, a charter for the foundation of a New World Scottish colony was granted by James VI of Scotland to Sir William Alexander.[58] In 1622, the first settlers left Scotland. They initially failed, however, and permanent Nova Scotian settlements were not established until 1629 during the end of the Anglo-French War.[58] These colonies did not last long: in 1631, under Charles I of England, the Treaty of Suza was signed, ending the war and returning Nova Scotia to the French.[59] New France was not fully restored to French rule until the 1632 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[60] This led to new French immigrants and the founding of Trois-Rivières in 1634, the second permanent settlement in New France.[61]

After Champlain’s death in 1635, the Catholic Church and the Jesuit establishment became the most dominant force in New France and intended to establish a utopian European and Aboriginal Christian community.[62] In 1642, the Jesuit (Society of Jesus) sponsored a group of settlers, led by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, who founded Ville-Marie, precursor to present-day Montreal.[63] The 1666 census of New France was conducted by France's intendant, Jean Talon, in the winter of 1665-1666. The census showed a population count of 3,215 Acadians and habitants in the administrative districts of Acadia and Canada (New France).[64] The census also revealed a great difference in the number of men at 2,034 versus 1,181 women.[65]
[edit] Wars during the colonial era
Further information: French and Indian Wars
Map of North America in 1702 showing forts, towns and areas occupied by European settlements. Britain (pink), France (blue), and Spain (orange)

While French colonizers were well established in parts of Ontario, Quebec, the Maritimes, and modern-day New England, British colonizers had control over the Thirteen Colonies to the south.[66] The British also had laid claim (from 1670, through the Hudson's Bay Company) to Hudson Bay, and its drainage basin (known as Rupert's Land), as well as settlements in Newfoundland.[66] The British colonies were rapidly expanding, while the French fur traders and Aboriginals allies were extended thinly with a population of only 10,679 individuals in 1680.[66][67] La Salle's exploration of the Mississippi to its mouth in 1682 gave France a claim to a vast area bordering the American Colonies from the Great Lakes and the Ohio River valley southward to the Gulf of Mexico.[66][68] French expansion soon began to threaten Hudson's Bay Company claims, and, in 1686, Pierre Troyes led an overland expedition from Montreal to the shore of the bay where they managed to capture some areas.[69]

There were four French and Indian Wars between New England and New France before the final British conquest, starting with King William's War. During William's War, that lasted from 1689 to 1697 military conflicts in Acadia included: Battle of Port Royal (1690); a naval battle in the Bay of Fundy (Action of 14 July 1696); and the Raid on Chignecto (1696) .[70] The Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 ended the war between the two colonial powers for a brief time.[71] During Queen Anne's War from 1702 to 1713, the British Conquest of Acadia occurred in 1710.[72] Resulting in Nova Scotia, other than Cape Breton, being officially ceded to the British by the Treaty of Utrecht including Rupert's Land, that had been conquered by France in the late 17th century (Battle of Hudson's Bay).[73] As an immediate result of this setback, France founded the powerful Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island.[74] Louisbourg was intended to serve as a year-round military and naval base for France's remaining North American empire and to protect the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River. During King George's War that spanned from 1744 to 1748, an army of New Englanders led by William Pepperrell mounted an expedition of 90 vessels and 4,000 men against Louisbourg in 1745.[75] Within three months the New Englanders succeeded in forcing Louisbourg to surrender. The fall of Louisbourg to French control prompted the founding of Halifax in 1749 by the British under Edward Cornwallis.[76]
St. John River Campaign: Raid on Grimrose (present day Gagetown, New Brunswick). This is the only contemporaneous image of the Expulsion of the Acadians

During the French and Indian War, the British ordered the Acadians expelled from their lands in 1755, an event called the Expulsion of the Acadians or le Grand Dérangement,[77] causing some 12,000 Acadians to be shipped to destinations throughout Britain's North American holdings and later even to France, Quebec and the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue.[78] The first wave of the Expulsion of the Acadians began with the Bay of Fundy Campaign (1755) and the second wave began after the final Siege of Louisbourg (1758). Many of the Acadians settled in southern Louisiana, creating the Cajun culture there.[78] Some Acadians managed to hide and others eventually returned to Nova Scotia, but they were far outnumbered by a new migration of New England Planters who were settled on the former lands of the Acadians and transformed Nova Scotia from a colony of occupation for the British to a settled colony with stronger ties to New England.[78]

Before the French and Indian War, colonies along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River and the Acadian peninsula were stable, although French explorations and territorial claims to the Ohio Valley brought increasing conflict with the interests of Britain's American colonies. Britain eventually gained control of Quebec City and Montreal after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham and Battle of Fort CORNWALLISNiagara in 1759, and the Battle of the Thousand Islands and Battle of Sainte-Foy in 1760.[79]

Till we meet again - Regards - edmondsallan